Kermanshah or Gorani Kurdish,Kermashan Kirmaşan, is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located in Eastern Kurdistan. Kermanshah has a continental climate. The estimated population of the city is 822,921(year 2005) [1] and the majority of the inhabitants speak Kalhori dialects of Kurdish. The religion of the people is very diverse and there are many Muslims, Assyrians, Bahá'ís, Jews, and Armenians living in Kermanshah but Kurds have been leading the city in the number since history can remember. Given its antiquity, attractive landscapes and rich culture, Kermanshah is considered as one of the cradles of prehistoric cultures such as Neolithic villages. According to archaeological surveys and excavation, Kermanshah area has been occupied by prehistoric people since the Lower Paleolithic period, and continued to later Paleolithic periods till late Pleistocene period. The Lower Paleolithic evidence consists of some handaxes found in the Gakia area to the east of the city. The Middle Paleolithic remains have been found in the northern vicinity of the city in Tang-e Kenesht and near Taq-e Bostan. The known Paleolithic caves in this area are Warwasi, Kobeh, and Do-Eshkaft. The region was also one of the first places in which human settlements including Asiab, Qazanchi, Tappeh Sarab, Chia Jani, and Ganj-Darreh were established between 8000-10.000 years ago. This is about the same time that the first potteries pertaining were made in Ganj-Darreh, near present-day Harsin.
Construction of the city is attributed to Tahmoures Divband, the fabulous king of Pishdadian dynasty. It was a glorious city in Kurds about the 4th century AD when it became a political city and a significant health center serving Kurdish kings. In A.D. 226, following a two-year war led by the Sassanid Emperor - Ardashir I - against Kurdish Kings in the region, the Empire reinstated a local Kurdish prince, Kayus of Medya, to rule Kermanshah. Within the dynasty known as the House of Kayus (also Kâvusakân) remained a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom lasting until A.D. 380 before Ardashir II removed the dynasty's last ruling member.Kermanshah was conquered by the Arabs in A.D. 640 and called the town Qirmasin (Qirmashin). Under Seljuk rule in the 11th century, it was, and still is, a major cultural and commercial centre in Western Iran and the southern Kurdish region as a whole. The Safavids fortified the town, and the Qajars repulsed an attack by the Turks during Fath Ali Shah's rule (1797--1834). She was occupied by Ottomans between 1723-1729 and 1731-1732.Occupied by the Turkish army in 1915 during World War I, it was evacuated in 1917. Kermanshah played an important role in the Mashrota Movement in Qajar period and the Republic Movement in Pahlavi period. The City was hit hard during the Iran-Iraq War, and although it was rebuilt, it has not fully recovered, yet.Behistun inscription is considered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Behistun Inscription (also Bisitun or Bisutun, Bagastana, meaning "the god's place or land") is a multi-lingual inscription located on Mount Behistun
The inscription includes three versions of the same text, written in three different cuneiform script languages: Old Median, Elamite, and Babylonian. A British army officer, Henry Rawlinson, had the inscription transcribed in two parts, in 1835 and 1843. Rawlinson was able to translate the Old Median cuneiform text in 1838, and the Elamite and Babylonian texts were translated by Rawlinson and others after 1843. Babylonian was a later form of Akkadian: both are Semitic languages. In effect, then, the inscription is to cuneiform what the Rosetta Stone is to Egyptian hieroglyphs: the document most crucial in the decipherment of a previously lost script.The inscription is approximately 15 metres high by 25 metres wide, and 100 metres up a limestone cliff from an ancient road connecting the capitals of Babylonia and Media (Babylon and Ecbatana). It is extremely inaccessible as the mountainside was removed to make the inscription more visible after its completion. The what is so called Old Medo-Persian text contains 414 lines in five columns; the Elamite text includes 593 lines in eight columns and the Babylonian text is in 112 lines.
Tags: Kurdistan Hawraman Lorestan Lor Kurd Zaza archiology ancient Kalhor kalhuri Zazakii faili bakhtiari Ilam yarsan ezidi
